我国新冠病毒疫苗怎么打？有效期多久？

“两步走”接种方案

a two-step vaccination drive

国务院联防联控机制12月19日的新闻发布会表示，在冬春季节到来之际，对部分重点人群开展新冠病毒疫苗接种工作，后续争取做到高风险人群“应接尽接”。

国家卫生健康委疾控局负责人崔钢介绍，我国目前接种的策略是按照“两步走”方案，第一步主要是针对部分重点人群开展接种，这些人群包括从事进口冷链、口岸检疫、船舶引航、航空空勤、生鲜市场、公共交通、医疗疾控等感染风险比较高的工作人员，以及前往中高风险国家或者地区去工作或者学习的人员。

In a two-step vaccination drive, the COVID-19 vaccines will be given first to priority groups, including those engaged in handling imported cold-chain products and people working in exposed sectors such as port inspection and quarantine, ship pilotage, aviation, fresh market, public transport, medical treatment, and disease control, Cui Gang, an official with NHCs disease control department, said at a press conference.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of exposure to the virus, Cui added.

第二步，随着疫苗正式批准上市，疫苗产量逐步提高，将会有更多的疫苗投入使用。符合条件的群众都能实现“应接尽接”。

Next, with COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible, Cui said.

我国疫苗研发处于全球第一方阵

疫情发生以后，我国布局了五条技术路线，推进疫苗研发。目前，按照世界卫生组织统计，我国进入临床试验的疫苗和进入三期临床的疫苗，都处于全球第一方阵。

7月以来，在高风险暴露人群自愿、知情、同意的前提下，我国已经累计完成100多万剂次紧急接种疫苗工作。

More than one million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed for emergency inoculation use since July. The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent.

经过严格的不良反应监测和追踪观察，没有出现严重的不良反应。

After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place.

目前，我国进展比较快的疫苗已经获得了三期临床试验中期需要的病例数，近期已经在向国家药监局提供相关材料。

如果数据达到相应标准，国家药监部门将会批准附条件上市或者上市，我国的疫苗将会更快地普及，更快地提高产量，我国已做好大规模生产的准备。

If the vaccines (performance) statistics reach the required standards, the medical products administration will approve it for the market, and then our vaccine will be produced and rolled out more quickly, because we have already prepared for mass production.

新冠疫苗有效期多长？

国家卫生健康委副主任曾益新表示：

我国新冠疫苗保护期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一样，能够终身免疫，或者至少保护五年十年，还不能下这个结论。

It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines.

当前证据显示，疫苗保护期，按世卫组织的规定要求的半年以上，基本上没有太多的疑问。

"However, there is little doubt that Chinese COVID-19 vaccines can offer protection for at least six months based on existing evidence," he said, adding that this standard is on par with the requirement by the World Health Organization.

流感疫苗每年打一次，是因为流感病毒变异特别快，每年不同的亚型在流行。新冠疫苗不存在半年或者一年要重新再接种一次，比较乐观的估计，可能性不大。

Optimistically speaking, it would be unlikely for the public to need to routinely take COVID-19 vaccines once every six months to one year, like flu shots, because the flu virus mutates very quickly and there may be a different strain every year causing an outbreak.

虽然我们相信新冠疫苗是安全有效的，但是大家要继续维持个人卫生和防护措施，包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保证社交距离等这些好习惯。

"Although we believe the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, we advise the public to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing," he said.

目前为止还没有任何一个疫苗说保护率达到百分之百的。特别是在当前群体免疫还没有建立起来的情况下，即使打了疫苗，防护措施仍然不能减。

This is because no vaccine can guarantee 100 percent protection, and people should not lower their guard, especially not before herd immunity has been established, he added.

疫苗去哪打？

国家卫生健康委疾控局负责人崔钢表示：

通常情况下，接种单位都是设在辖区的卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院或者综合医院，已经要求各地及时公布接种服务信息。

Usually, the vaccination units are located in health service centers, township clinicss or general hospitals, local governments have been requested to publish information on vaccination services in a timely manner.

其他暂时没有接种的群众也不用担心。做好个人防护，在公共场所戴好口罩、保持社交距离、勤洗手等，这些措施都被证明非常有效。

Others who have not been vaccinated for the time being need not worry. Wearing masks in public places, practicing social distance and washing hands are protective measures that have been proven to be very effective.

监制/任帅

主编/黎晶

编辑/谢凌弘一(实习)

来源/中国日报双语新闻

校对/汤雅雯